Nnipa a w?w? Afrika
Андрей Тихомиров
Afrika asasep?n no so nnipa dodow gu ahorow yiye w? kasa ne asetra ne sikas?m ne amammer? mu. Yebetumi akyeky? Afrikafo kasa ahorow mu ay? no akuw atitiriw a edidi so yi: 1) Semitic-Hamitic; 2) kasa akuw dodow bi a ?w? beae bi a efi Sahara at?e fam kosi Nile nsu no atifi na kan no na w?akyeky? mu s? "Sudanfo" kuw; kasa ho animdefo nnwuma a aba foforo no akyer? s? saa kasa ahorow yi nkyer? s? w?b?n w?n ho w?n ho k?se, na emu bi b?n Bantu kasa ahorow no; 3) Bantufo? a w?w? asasep?n no anafo? fam; 4) Khoi-sanfo kuw ketewaa bi a w?w? South Africa; 5) nnipa dodow a w?w? Madagascar sup?w so, a w?n kasa ka Malayo-Polynesia kuw no ho; 6) Europa atubrafo ne w?n asefo.
Андрей Тихомиров
Nnipa a w?w? Afrika
S?nea nkyer?ase biako kyer? no, as?mfua "Africa" no fi Berber abusuakuw Afrigia din mu, a na w?te Afrika asasep?n no atifi fam no, na Roma mantam a ?w? Afrika nso w? h?. Roma mantam a ?w? Afrika no, Roma na ?hyehy?? no w? afe 146 A.Y.B. e. w? beae a Carthage man no w? no, na ?faa nn?yi Tunisia atifi fam at?e f?. W? Ahemman no bere so no, na Afrika y? mmarahy? bagua amantam no dea na ?manpanyin bi na odi so. Ahemman no bere no y? nea nkurow ak?se mu nhyehy?e a ?renya nk?so no na ?da adi. Nkurow ak?se nyaa hokwan ahorow a atubra aman ne nkurow ak?se w?. Nа nnipa atitiriw a w?w? nkurow no mu ne Romafo atubrafo ne mp?tam h?fo atitiriw a w?ay? w?n Romafo no. W? amammer? mu no, w? Ahemman no mu no, Afrika mantam no dii dwuma k?se. Nanso, nkuraasefo a w?te h? no k?? so y?? ah?ho w? Latin kasa ne Romafo amammer? ho. W? afeha a ?to so 4-5 mu. ?b?y?? beae a nkoa ne adum ak?se atuatew k?se wom, na ?maa Roma Ahemman no y?? mmer?w k?se na ?boaa ma ?hwee ase. W? afeha a ?to so 5 mu no. W?n a w?s?e ade no k?traa Afrika. W? afeha a ?to so 6 mu no. Byzantium ?hemp?n Justinian tumi san de mpoano kwan no bae, nanso na Byzantium tumi no y? mmer?w. W? afeha a ?to so 7 mu Arabfo na wodii Afrika mantam no so nkonim.
W? Afrika Atifi fam no, w? mfirihyia apem a ?to so 1 A.Y.B. e. na aman pii a w?de w?n ho w? h?: Carthage, a atubrafo a wofi Foinike na w?hyehy?? no, a na w?ka Sem kasa a ?b?n Hebri, Mauritania ne Numidia, a Libyafo na w?b?e. Bere a Romafo dii Carthage so nkonim w? afe 146 A.Y.B. e. aman yi, w? apereperedi a emu y? den akyi no, b?y?? Romafo agyapade. Mfehaha kakraa bi ansa na bere foforo no reba no, kuw fekuw nyaa nk?so fii ase w? nn?yi Ethiopia asasesin mu. Aman a enyaa nk?so? w? ha no mu baako – Aksum – duu ne sorok? w? afeha a ?t? so nnan A.Y.B. n. e., bere a n'agyapade a ewo at?e fam no duu Meroe man mu w? Nil Bon mu, na apuei fam no – "Happy Arabia" (nn?yi Yemen). W? mfirihyia apem II ne. e. aman a ?y? den anya nk?so w? Sudan At?e fam (Ghana, Mali, Songhai ne Bornu); akyiri yi, w?hyehy?? aman w? Guinea mpoano (Ashanti, Dahomey, Congo, ne nea ?keka ho), ?tare Chad at?e fam (Hausafo aman) ne mmeae afoforo pii w? Afrika asasep?n no so.
Mprempren w?taa ka nnipa a w?w? Afrika a ?w? ?hyew mu a w?te Semitic-Hamitic abusua no anafo fam no kasa ahorow bom y? mmusua abien: Niger (Congo)-Kordofan ne Nilo-Saharan. Niger-Kordofanian kuw no bi ne Niger-Congo kuw – akuw a wod??so na ?ka bom: West Atlantic, Mande, Volts, Kwa, Benue-Congo ne Adamawa-Apuei. Atlantic At?e? famfo? no bi ne Fulbefo? k?se? bi a w?te akuo ahodo? mu w? ?kame ay? s? aman a ?w? Sudan At?e? ne Mfinimfini nyinaa mu, Wolof ne Serep (Senegal), ne afofor?.nsub?nten Senegal ne Niger (Guinea, Mali, ne nea ?keka ho) atifi fam. ), nnipa a wowo Volta (moy, loby, bobo, Senufo, ne nea ekeka ho) – wo Burkina Faso, Ghana ne aman foforo so. Kwafo? no bi ne nnipa ak?se? a w?w? Guinea mpoano te s? Yoruba ne Ibo (Nigeria), Akan (Ghana) ne Ewe (Benin ne Togo); b?n Ewefo no ne akyigyinafo, a w?te anafo fam na ?t? mmere bi a w?fr? w?n Dahomeanfo; gyinabea a atew ne ho kakra no y? nea nnipa a w?ka Kru kasa ahorow (anaas? kasa horow) na wodi. Eyinom ne Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn ne nnipa afoforo a w?te Liberia ne Ivory Coast (Ivory Coast). Nnipa pii na w?hyehy? Benue-Congo kuw ketewa no, a kan no na w?kyer? s? Bantu abusua titiriw bi ne Apuei Fam Bantu kuw no na w?wom. Bantufo a w?y? p? koraa w? kasa ne amammer? mu no te aman a ?w? Afrika Mfinimfini ne Apuei ne Kesee Fam (Democratic Republic of the Congo (kan no na ?y? Zaire), Angola, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, ne nea ?keka ho) mu. Kasa ho animdefo kyeky? Bantu mu akuw 15: 1st – duala, lupdu, fang, ne nea ?keka ho; 2nd -teke, mpongwe, kele, a woagye atom; 3rd – bangi, pgala, mongo, tetelya, na woagye atom; 4th – Rwanda, obi a ?kyer?w ns?m; 5th – ganda, luhya, kikuyu, kamba; 6th-nyamwezi, nyatura, nea ?to so 6; 7th – Swahili kasa, togo kasa, hehe; 8th – Kongo, ambundufo?; 9th-chokwe, luena, nea ?to so 9; 10th-luba a ?to so 10; 11-bemba, fipa, tonga, ne nea ?to so 11; 12 – Malawi 13 – Yao, Makonde, Makua; 14th – ovimbundu, ambo, hero a woagye atom; 15th – Shona, Suto, Zulu, Spit, Swazi, ne nea ?keka ho.
Bantu kasa ahorow nso y? nea Pygmyfo akuw a w?w? Congo Basin (Efe, Basu A, Bambuti, ne nea ?keka ho), a w?taa da nsow s? nnipa a w?atew w?n ho. W? Bantufo apuei ne mfinimfini fam no, Swahili kasa a anya Arabic nk?nt?nso a ?da nsow no atr?w w? nnansa yi mfe du du mu, w?n a w?ka no dodow y? ?pepem 60 (Swahilifo dodow y? ?pepem 1.9). Adamaua, apuei fam kuw ketewa no, ka Azandefo, Cham-Ba, Bandafo, ne afoforo a w?te Sudan Mfinimfini ne Apuei fam.
Kordofan kuw a w?n dodow ne w?n asasesin sua koraa no, nnipa a w?w? Koalib, Tumtum, Tegali, Talodi ne Katla (Sudan Republic) ka ho.
W?de akuw na egyina h? ma Nilo-Sahara abusua no: Songhai, Sahara, Shari-Nile, ne nnipa baanu a ?sono w?n kasa w? kasa mu Maba ne For (Fur). Songhaifo no bi ne Songhaifo ankasa, ne Djermafo ne Dandyfo a w?te Niger mfinimfini mpoano; de k? Sahara kuw no so – kanuri, tuba (tibbu) ne zagava, a w?te ?tare Chad mpoano ne Central Sahara. Shari-Nil kuw a ?ho hia sen biara w? abusua yi mu no bi ne Sudan Apuei famfo (Dinka, Puer, Luo, Bari, Lotuko, Masai, Nuba, anaa Nubianfo, ne nea ?keka ho), a kan no na w?ka Nilotic abusua a w?de w?n ho ho; Sudan Mfinimfini famfo (Bagirmi, Morumadi), Berta ne Kunamafo. Saa kuw yi mufo te Zaire atifi fam ne Sudan kesee fam. Morumadi kasa ahorow no, Pygmy mmusuakuw (Efe, Basua, ne nea ?keka ho) na w?ka.
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