The actual lung capacity is considered reduced if it is less than 80% of the PLC. Lung capacity indirectly reflects the size of the respiratory surface of the lungs, where gas exchange occurs between alveolar air and blood in pulmonary capillaries. In other words, the larger the lung capacity, the greater the respiratory surface of the lungs. In addition, the larger the lung capacity, the deeper the breath and the easier it is to achieve an increase in ventilation volume. Thus, lung capacity determines the ability of the body to adapt to physical exertion, to a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air (for example, when ascending to altitude). Lung capacity is an indicator that largely determines the functional capabilities of the external respiratory system. A decrease in lung capacity always indicates some pathology. Lung capacity cannot and should not be considered the only indicator of increased function of the external respiratory system. It only determines the functional capabilities of this system in terms of providing the body with the necessary amount of oxygen. Therefore, the potential capabilities of the external respiratory system in a person with high lung capacity are higher (larger respiratory surface and the ability to deepen breathing) than in a person with low lung capacity.
Recommendations for low JEL levels:
1. During the learning process: frequent ventilation of the room and physical activity during breaks aimed at working the main and auxiliary respiratory muscles.
2. Increase time spent in forest-park zones. Reduce or eliminate harmful habits such as smoking, as this leads to a reduction in the synthesis of surfactant on the inner surface of lung alveoli, which prevents their collapse.
3. Include complete proteins and fats in the diet that restore surfactant in lung alveoli.
4. Include daily aerobic physical activity, outdoors for at least 30 minutes. Use types of motor activity that train the respiratory system according to personal choice. Include various breathing exercises.
5. Keeping health diaries to monitor daily routine, training, and body condition.
Hand Muscle Strength
Normally, the average strength of the right hand muscles (for right-handed individuals) is 35—50 kg for men and 25—33 kg for women. The average strength of the left hand muscles is usually 5—10 kg less than that of the right hand.
Any measure of strength is usually closely related to the volume of muscle mass, i.e. body mass. Therefore, when evaluating the results of dynamometry, it is important to consider both the main absolute strength (i.e. the value shown by the dynamometer) and the relative strength, i.e. relative to body mass. Relative strength is expressed as a percentage. To calculate it, the value of the strength of the right hand is multiplied by 100 and divided by the body mass value. Decreased strength can occur due to illness, negative mood, fatigue, disruption of the motor mode, aging, etc.
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