Роберт Сапольски "Биология добра и зла. Как наука объясняет наши поступки"

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Как говорит знаменитый приматолог и нейробиолог Роберт Сапольски, если вы хотите понять поведение человека и природу хорошего или плохого поступка, вам придется разобраться буквально во всем – и в том, что происходило за секунду до него, и в том, что было миллионы лет назад. В книге автор поэтапно – можно сказать, в хронологическом разрезе – и очень подробно рассматривает огромное количество факторов, влияющих на наше поведение. Как работает наш мозг? За что отвечает миндалина, а за что нам стоит благодарить лобную кору? Что «ненавидит» островок? Почему у лондонских таксистов увеличен гиппокамп? Как связаны длины указательного и безымянного пальцев и количество внутриутробного тестостерона? Чем с точки зрения нейробиологии подростки отличаются от детей и взрослых? Бывают ли «чистые» альтруисты? В чем разница между прощением и примирением? Существует ли свобода воли? Как сложные социальные связи влияют на наше поведение и принятие решений? И это лишь малая часть вопросов, рассматриваемых в масштабной работе известного ученого.

date_range Год издания :

foundation Издательство :Альпина Диджитал

person Автор :

workspaces ISBN :978-5-0013-9051-0

child_care Возрастное ограничение : 12

update Дата обновления : 14.06.2023


114

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К сноске: M. Numan and D. Stoltzenberg, “Medial Preoptic Area Interactions with Dopamine Neural systemsin the Control of the Onset and Maintenance of Maternal Behavior in Rats,” Front Neuroendo 30 (2009): 46.

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S. McClue et al., “Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards,” Sci 306 (2004): 503; J. Jennings et al., “Distinct Extended Amygdala Circuits for Divergent Motivational States,” Nat 496 (2013): 224.

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M. Howe et al., “Prolonged Dopamine Signaling in Striatum Signals Proximity and Value of Distant Rewards,” Nat 500 (2013): 575; Y. Niv, “Dopamine Ramps Up,” Nat 500 (2013): 533.

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W. Schultz, “Subjective Neuronal Coding of Reward: Temporal Value Discounting and Risk,” Eur J Nsci 31 (2010): 2124; S. Kobayashi and W. Schultz, “Influence of Reward Delays on Responses of Dopamine Neurons,” J Nsci 28 (2008): 7837; S. Kim et al., “Prefrontal Coding of Temporally Discounted Values During Intertemporal Choice,” Neuron 59 (2008): 161; M. Roesch and C. Olson, “Neuronal Activity in Orbitofrontal Cortex Reflects the Value of Time,” J Neurophysiology 94 (2005): 2457; M. Bermudez and W. Schultz, “Timing in Reward and Decision Processes,” Philosophical Trans of the Royal Soc of London B 369 (2014): 20120468; B. Figner et al., “Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Self-Control in Intertemporal Choice,” Nat Nsci 13 (2010): 538; K. Jimura et al., “Impulsivity and Self-Control During Intertemporal Decision Making linkced to the Neural Dynamics of Reward Value Representation,” J Nsci 33 (2013): 344; S. McClure et al., “Time Discounting for Primary Rewards,” J Nsci 27, 5796.

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K. Ballard and B. Knutson, “Dissociable Neural Representations of Future Reward Magnitude and Delay During Temporal Discounting,” Neuroimage 45 (2009): 143.

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A. Lak et al., “Dopamine Prediction Error Responses Integrate Subjective Value from Different Reward Dimensions,” PNAS 111 (2014): 2343.

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V. Noreika et al., “Timing Deficits in Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Evidence from Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Studies,” Neuropsychologia 51 (2013): 235; A. Pine et al., “Dopamine, Time, and Impulsivity in Humans,” J Nsci 30 (2010): 8888; W. Schultz, “Potential Vulnerabilities of Neuronal Reward, Risk, and Decision Mechanisms to Addictive Drugs,” Neuron 69 (2011): 603.

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G. Brown et al., “Aggression in Humans Correlates with Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites,” Psychiatry Res 1 (1979): 131; M. Linnoila et al., “Low Cerebrospinal Fluid 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Differentiates Impulsive from Nonimpulsive Violent Behavior,” Life Sci 33 (1983): 2609; P. Stevenson and K. Schildberger, “Mechanisms of Experience Dependent Control of Aggression in Crickets,” Curr Opinion in Neurobiol 23 (2013): 318; P. Fong and A. Ford, “The Biological Effects of Antidepressants on the Molluscs and Crustaceans: A Review,” Aquatic Toxicology 151 (2014): 4.

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M. Linnoila et al., “Low Cerebrospinal Fluid 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Differentiates Impulsive from Nonimpulsive Violent Behavior,” Life Sci 33 (1983): 2609; J. Higley et al., “Excessive Mortality in Young Free- Ranging Male Nonhuman Primates with Low Cerebrospinal Fluid 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentrations,” AGP 53 (1996): 537; M. ?sberg et al., “5-HIAA in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Biochemical Suicide Predictor?” AGP 33 (1976): 1193; M. Bortolato et al., “The Role of the Serotonergic System at the Interface of Aggression and Suicide,” Nsci 236 (2013): 160.

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H. Clarke et al., “Cognitive Inflexibility After Prefrontal Serotonin Depletion,” Sci 304 (2004): 878; R. Wood et al., “Effects of Tryptophan Depletion on the Performance of an Iterated PD Game in Healthy Adults,” Neuropsychopharmacology 1 (2006): 1075.

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J. Dalley and J. Roiser, “Dopamine, Serotonin and Impulsivity,” Nsci 215 (2012): 42; P. Redgrave and R. Horrell, “Potentiation of Central Reward by Localized Perfusion of Acetylcholine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine,” Nat 262 (1976): 305; A. Harrison and A. Markou, “Serotonergic Manipulations Both Potentiate and Reduce Brain Stimulation Reward in Rats: Involvement of Serotonin-1A Receptors,” JPET 297 (2001): 316.

126

A. Duke, “Revisiting the Serotonin-Aggression Relation in Humans: A Meta-analysis,” Psych Bull 139 (2013): 1148.

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A. Gopnik, “The New Neuro-Skeptics,” New Yorker, September 9, 2013.

128

C. Bukach et al., “Beyond Faces and Modularity: The Power of an Expertise Framework,” TICS 10 (2006): 159.

129

Жестокие матери и работы антибихевиористов: D. Maestripieri et al., “Neurobiological Characteristics of Rhesus Macaque Abusive Mothers and Their Relation to Social and Maternal Behavior,” Nsci Biobehav Rev 29 (2005): 51; R. Sullivan et al., “Ontogeny of Infant Fear Learning and the Amygdala,” in Cognitive Neuroscience IV, ed. M. Gazzaniga (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), 889.

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Голоса панд: B. Charlton et al., “Vocal Discrimination of Potential Mates by Female Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca),” Biol Lett 5 (2009): 597. Голоса женщин: G. Bryant and M. Haselton, “Vocal Cues of Ovulation in Human Females,” Biol Lett 5 (2009): 12; к сноске: J. Knight, “When Robots Go Wild,” Nat 434 (2005): 954.

131

К сноске: H. Herzog, Some We Love, Some We Hate, Some We Eat: Why It’s So Hard to Think Straight About Animals (New York: Harper, 2010).

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Коммуникация за счет вибраций: P. Hill, Vibrational Communication in Animals (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008). Вибрирующие сигналы и эхолокация у летучих мышей: A. Corcoran and W. Conner, “Bats Jamming Bats: Food Competition Through Sonar Interference,” Sci 346 (2014): 745. Щекотание крыс: J. Panksepp, “Beyond a Joke: From Animal Laughter to Human Joy?” Sci 308 (2005): 62.

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Обзор проблемы о соотношении подсознательной и осознаваемой сенсорной информации, а также о том, что выявляемый континуум может быть ошибочным: T. Marteau et al., “Changing Human Behavior to Prevent Disease: The Importance of Targeting Automatic Processes,” Sci 337 (2012): 1492.

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Картофельные чипсы: M. Zampini and C. Spence, “Assessing the Role of Sound in the Perception of Food and Drink,” Chemical Senses 3 (2010): 57. K. Edwards, “The Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Attitude Formation and Change,” JPSP 59 (1990): 212.

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Превосходный обзор по теме: J. Kubota et al. “The Neuroscience of Race,” Nat Nsci 15 (2012): 940; чтобы получить хороший обзор по всей теме, см.: D. Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions (New York HarperCollins, 2008).

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T. Ito and G. J. Urland, “Race and Gender on the Brain: Electrocortical Measures of Attention to the Race and Gender of Multiply Categorizable Individuals,” JPSP 85 (2003): 616. Здесь добротный обзор работ, в которых изучаются внутренние установки: B. Nosek et al., “Implicit Social Cognition: From Measures to Mechanisms,” TICS 15 (2011): 152.

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A. Olsson et al., “The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear,” Sci 309 (2005): 785.

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J. Richeson et al., “An fMRI Investigation of the Impact of Interracial Contact on Executive Function,” Nat Nsci 6 (2003): 1323; K. Knutson et al., “Why Do Interracial Interactions Impair Executive Function? A Resource Depletion Account,” TICS 10 (2007): 915; K. Knutson et al., “Neural Correlates of Automatic Beliefs About Gender and Race,” Human Brain Mapping 28 (2007): 915.

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