3 Dradjo ***** new commands by the age of three months.
a has learnt
b had learnt
c learns
4 Dradjo and Kudjo ***** a mind-blowing party for all their neighbors next Sunday.
a are going to throw
b will throw
c threw
5 Nobody ***** how Dradjo’s egg appeared in the cave.
a knowed
b know
c knows
EXERCISE 7
Translate the continuation of the story:
К концу первого месяца Куджо научил своего питомца многим вещам.
«Не называй меня мамочкой.»
«Не клади лапы на стол.»
«Не выпускай пламя из пасти.»
«Не облизывай гостей.»
«Не храпи.»
Это было трудно, но Драджо был готов делать все, что скажет его хозяин, тем более, если у него в лапе была какая-нибудь вкусняшка.
Вчера Куджо начал учить своего питомца собачьему языку, а сегодня Драджо уже знал 100 слов!
(продолжение следует)
Unit 2
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Настоящее совершенное длительное время
This tense is used:
• for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present.
They have been playing «catch me, Monster’ since early morning. (They’re still playing.)
• for past actions of certain duration which have visible results or effects, in the present.
– Kudjo is very tired. He has been teaching his pet all day long.
• to express irritation, anger, annoyance, explanation or criticism.
– Who has been eating my treats? (showing anger)
• to put emphasis on duration, usually with for, since or how long.
– I’ve been teaching him since yesterday.
• The form is: Subject + have / has been + verb -ing.
– Kudjo has been trying to feed his pet since the morning.
EXERCISE 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous:
1 Dradjo /protect/ Kudjo’s sleep since lunch.
2 Kudjo /train/ Dradjo for three months.
3 Why are you so wet? – I /run/ in the rain.
4 Kudjo and Dradjo /live/ together for a few months.
5 Drajo /learn/ Doggish since Monday.
6 They /watch/a sci-fi movie about dragons for an hour.
the question form is:
(Question word) +have/has + subject + been Ving?
How long has Kudjo been sleeping?
the negative form is: Subject + have / has + not + been + Ving.
Drajo hasn’t been calling Kudjo as Mummy since their first training.
EXERCISE 2
Find the proper verb and put it into the correct Present Perfect Continuous form: relax, do, live, wander, gnaw, eat, look for
1 What you ***** in the attic since the morning? – I’ve been ***** a mouse-trap.
2 How long you ***** this bone? – I’ve been doing it for two days.
3 I ***** since yesterday. I’m as hungry as a hunter.
4 Where you ***** all day?
5 We ***** for ages. We must recharge our batteries.
6 How long *****in this house on your own? – Since last summer.
EXERCISE 3
Kudjo has found several things that made him annoyed. Try to guess the question he is asking:
For example,
The mat is covered in bread crumbles. – Who has been eating sandwiches on my mat?!
1 The fridge is half-empty. —
2 The toy is broken. —
3 The floor is dirty. —
4 The house looks messy. —
5 There’s a lot of water on the floor in the bathroom. —
6 There is smoke coming out of the kitchen. —
The main signal words for this tense are since, for, how long, all day /week, month, year/ long.
